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1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 48(1): e003, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529765

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução: Atualmente o Brasil mostra um expressivo aumento da sobrevida e consequente elevação do número de idosos na sua população. Do ponto de vista de propostas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida deles, a sexualidade deve ser compreendida a partir do princípio holístico, não somente do fator biológico. Nesse cenário, novas reflexões de profissionais da saúde tornam-se indispensáveis para o planejamento de ações específicas, objetivando a atenção integral à saúde do idoso. Relato de experiência: O presente relato de experiência traz o início de um diálogo com acadêmicos de Medicina de uma universidade pública sobre a complexidade da sexualidade e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) em idosos, buscando identificar o conhecimento desses discentes sobre o assunto e idealizar propostas de ação ao público-alvo. Para isso, estruturou-se uma estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem cuja abordagem consistiu na adaptação e aplicação da metodologia do Arco de Maguerez para o debate sobre IST no contexto da saúde pública brasileira, o qual foi realizado com base nas diretrizes do ensino remoto emergencial. Nossos resultados vão de encontro à literatura que visa compreender as representações sociais acerca da sexualidade dos idosos. Neles, verificou-se que as representações sociais acerca da sexualidade na terceira idade assemelham-se à descrição científica, apresentado similitude entre o senso comum e o conhecimento erudito. Discussão: Diante da discrepância descrita na literatura quanto aos conceitos errôneos por parte dos idosos e dos familiares e pelos profissionais de saúde acerca da sexualidade na terceira idade, são imprescindíveis a realização de campanhas e o desenvolvimento de medidas e estratégias preventivas voltadas para idosos, a fim reduzir a incidência de IST nessa comunidade. Para isso, são fundamentais estratégias de educação em saúde no ensino acadêmico e de educação profissional continuada para sedimentar os conhecimentos necessários na idealização de propostas eficazes. Conclusão: A partir da formação médica adequada e por meio da discussão dos aspectos complexos sobre o assunto, serão possíveis a construção, a implementação e a avaliação de políticas públicas de saúde para o enfrentamento das IST, de modo a diminuir as barreiras relacionadas à prevenção de doenças e à promoção de saúde sexual na população idosa.


Abstract Introduction: Brazil is currently reporting a significant increase in survival and consequent rise in its elderly population. From the point of view of proposals to improve their quality of life, sexuality should be understood from a holistic, and not just a biological, perspective. In this scenario, new reflections by health professionals become indispensable for the planning of specific actions aimed at providing comprehensive health care for the elderly. Experience report: This experience report describes the beginning of a dialogue with medical students from a public university about the complexity of sexuality and sexually transmitted infections among the elderly, seeking to identify their knowledge of the subject and devise proposals for action with the target audience. To this end a teaching-learning strategy was structured based on an approach that adapted and applied the Arc of Maguerez methodology to the debate on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the context of Brazilian public health, which was conducted out within the guidelines of emergency remote learning. Our results are in line with the literature that seeks to understand the social representations about sexuality among the elderly. It was found that the social representations about sexuality in the elderly are similar to the scientific description, with similarities between common sense and scholarly knowledge. Discussion: Given the discrepancy described in the literature regarding the misconceptions on the part of the elderly, family members and health professionals about sexuality in old age, it is essential that campaigns be conducted, and preventive measures and strategies developed for the elderly to reduce the incidence of STIs in this community. Hence, health education strategies are needed in academic teaching and continuing professional education to consolidate the knowledge required to devise effective proposals. Conclusions: Based on fit-for-purpose medical education, the discussion of complex aspects about this subject will support the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public health policies to tackle STIs, reducing barriers related to the prevention and promotion of sexual health in the elderly population.

3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0029, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449768

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a precisão da tomografia corneana com imagens de Scheimpflug (Pentacam® AXL, OCULUS, Wetzlar, Alemanha) nos padrões de escaneamento com 25 e 50 imagens, verificando sua repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade em olhos normais, com ceratocone e com ceratocone após crosslinking. Métodos Estudo prospectivo, transversal, misto, no qual foram incluídos os pacientes que tinham córneas normais, ou com ceratocone; e não tinham realizado cirurgias corneanas, com exceção do crosslinking. Foram excluídos os pacientes que tivessem realizado outras cirurgias, como implante de anel intracorneano ou transplante de córnea. Foram realizadas três medidas com 25 imagens e três medidas com 50 imagens em cada olho incluído no estudo. Resultados O estudo avaliou 54 olhos de 41 pacientes. Destes, dez (18,52%) olhos eram com córneas normais e sem cirurgia ocular prévia aleatoriamente selecionados de 5 pacientes; 22 (40,74%) olhos aleatoriamente selecionados de 18 pacientes com ceratocone, sem cirurgia ocular prévia; e 22 (40,74%) olhos com ceratocone de 18 pacientes operados por crosslinking. No estudo da repetibilidade, percebemos uma maior variação de valores em todos os índices nos pacientes com ceratocone comparados aos de pacientes com olhos normais, em grande parte dos parâmetros analisados. Conclusão Não houve diferença significativa entre os métodos de escaneamento por 25 e 50 imagens, sendo o escaneamento por 25 imagens mais conveniente. A presença de ceratocone teve impacto negativo na repetibilidade de ambos os tipos de exame, e foi grande a concordância entre os métodos nos três grupos estudados. O coeficiente de repetibilidade permite considerar a relevância clínica dos dados para avaliar a progressão de ceratocone.


ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the accuracy of corneal tomography with Scheimpflug images (Pentacam® AXL, OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany) in scanning patterns with 25 and 50 images, by analyzing their repeatability and reproducibility in normal eyes, eyes with keratoconus and with keratoconus after crosslinking. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional, mixed study including patients who had normal corneas, or who had keratoconus, who had not undergone corneal surgery, with the exception of crosslinking. Patients who had undergone surgery for intracorneal ring implantation or corneal transplantation were excluded. Three measurements were performed with 25 images and three measurements were performed with 50 images on each eye included in the study. Results The study evaluated a total of 54 eyes of 41 patients. Of these, 10 (18.52%) eyes had normal corneas, without previous eye surgery, 22 (40.74%) were eyes with keratoconus, without previous eye surgery, and 22 (40.74%) were eyes with keratoconus, with crosslinking for keratoconus. In the study of repeatability, we noticed a greater variation of values in all indices in patients with KC compared to those with normal eyes, in most of the parameters analyzed. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the scanning methods with 25 and 50 images. However, 25 scans has advantages that make it the main method suggested. The presence of keratoconus has a negative impact on the repeatability of both types of examination, and there is great agreement between the methods in the three groups studied. The high repeatability coefficient in some parameters suggests that these data should be used with care in the assessment of keratoconus progression.

4.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(3): e4435, mayo.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1409489

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Polipnea y taquipnea tienen significados diferentes en diversos textos y los estudiantes de Medicina se desorientan al estudiar la Semiología de la disnea. Objetivo: Elucidar la disparidad semántica entre polipnea y taquipnea. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando los descriptores en ciencias de la salud taquipnea y polipnea. Se realizó una búsqueda en quince textos de Semiología Médica y en otros libros y revistas, impresos y electrónicos, entre ellos, la Revista Española de Cardiología (enero 1997 a diciembre 2020) en Archivos de Bronconeumología(diciembre 1964 a diciembre 2020); y se hizo el análisis etimológico de las palabras estudiadas, en Medigraphic (2012-21). Resultados: Seis de quince textos de Semiología consideran sinónimos polipnea y taquipnea; cuatro, solo emplean polipnea; y dos, taquipnea. Tres distinguen taquipnea como aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria; de polipnea, respiración superficial y rápida; dos definen taquipnea como aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria simple o con disminución de la amplitud (respiración superficial) y polipnea o hiperpnea, como aumento de la profundidad respiratoria con incremento de la frecuencia. En revistas científicas, taquipnea apareció en 192 artículos como respiración rápida y superficial; con igual significado se encontró polipnea, en 27. Según origen, taquipnea significa aceleración del ritmo respiratorio; polipnea, respiración muy frecuente y superficial, sin relación con polýpnóoos: "que sopla con fuerza" e hiperpnea significa incremento de la velocidad y amplitud de los movimientos respiratorios. Conclusiones: Polipnea y taquipnea deben considerarse equivalentes de respiración rápida y superficial; taquipnea simple, si la amplitud respiratoria es normal; e hiperpnea denomina la respiración muy frecuente y profunda.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Polypnea and tachypnea have different meanings in several texts, and medical studentsmay get confusedwith just the study of the semiology of dyspnea. Objective: Toelucidatethe semantic gap between polypnea and tachypnea. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted usinghealth science descriptors such as tachypnea and polypnea; a search was performed in 15 texts of Medical Semiology and other printed or electronic books and journals, among them, theRevista Española de Cardiología(fromJanuary 1997 to December 2020) andArchivos de Bronconeumología (from December 1964 toDecember 2020); in addition, the etymological analysis of these words was carried out in Medigraphic (2012-2021). Results: Six out of fifteen texts on semiology consider that the termspolypnea and tachypnea are synonymous; fourtexts only use polypnea; and two use the term tachypnea. Three texts distinguish tachypnea as increased respiratory rate, andpolypnea as arapid, shallow breathing; two texts define tachypnea as a simple increase in the respiratory rateor a decrease in the respiratory amplitude (shallow breathing); and polypnea or hyperpnea as the increasein depth and rate of breathing.In scientific journals, the term tachypnea was usedin 192 papersto refer to rapid, shallow breathing; andpolypnea had the same meaning in 27 articles. According to its origin, tachypnea means rapid respiratory rate; Polypnea is presented as very frequent and shallow breathing, unrelated to polýpnoos: "that blows forcefully"; while hyperpneameans an increase in the speed and amplitude of respiratory movements. Conclusions: Polypnea and tachypnea should be considered as equivalents of rapid andshallow breathing; simple tachypneaif the respiratory amplitude is normal; and hyperpnea designs a very frequent and deep breathing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Periodicals as Topic , Cardiology , Respiratory Rate , Tachypnea , Students, Medical
5.
Educ. med. super ; 36(1)mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1404533

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La formación del capital humano en salud y, por tanto, la del médico no están estructuradas sobre la base de competencias profesionales, a pesar de su importancia en la educación del hombre y estar contempladas en el propósito básico de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: Exponer mediante análisis crítico las potencialidades del diseño curricular basado en competencias profesionales desde las asignaturas de Propedéutica Clínica y Medicina Interna en la carrera de Medicina. Desarrollo: Se aborda cómo el proceso de formación del pregrado requiere redimensionamiento y perfeccionamiento curricular, con mayor aproximación al objeto de la profesión, a través de la formación por competencias. Además, cómo aprovechar la educación en el trabajo en Propedéutica Clínica y Medicina Interna, esenciales y rectoras, mediante el pase de visita y la discusión diagnóstica, que constituyen ambientes inapreciables para desarrollar la formación por competencias, donde el método clínico tiene su cimiento más sólido. De manera que la formación por competencias se convierta en instrumento esencial para el perfeccionamiento en el campo educacional y represente una propuesta útil avalada por prestigiosos organismos internacionales, que urge generalizar en pos del mejoramiento continuo de la educación. Conclusiones: La estructuración de un plan de estudio basado en competencias profesionales puede respaldar resultados formativos superiores, para lograr un egresado universitario más preparado, trascendente y comprometido con la sociedad, que sea capaz de cumplir mejor el encargo social del sistema de salud cubano(AU)


Introduction: The formation of human resources in health and, subsequently, that of the physician are not structured on the basis of professional competences, despite their importance in the education of human beings and the fact that they are included in the basic purpose of the medical major. Objective: To expose, through critical analysis, the potentialities of the curricular design based on professional competences with respect to the subjects of Clinical Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine in the medical major. Development: This work addresses how the undergraduate training process requires redimensioning and improvement of its curricular design, with greater approximation to the object of the profession, through competence-based training. In addition, it addresses how to take advantage of education at work in the subjects of Clinical Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, as far as they are both essential and guiding, by means of patients' visits and diagnostic discussions as invaluable settings for developing competence-based training, where the clinical method has its most solid foundation. Thus, competence-based training becomes an essential instrument for improvement in the educational field and represents a useful proposal endorsed by prestigious international organizations, which urgently needs to be generalized for the continuous improvement of education. Conclusions: The structuring of a study plan based on professional competences can support superior training outcomes, in view of achieving a more prepared university graduate, with a transcendent performance and committed to society, who is able to fulfill better the social task of the Cuban health system(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preceptorship/methods , Professional Competence , Clinical Medicine/education , Education, Medical , Education, Premedical , Interprofessional Education/methods
6.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 48(2): e301, abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126623

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Evaluar el desarrollo cognitivo y procedimental del estudiante en la ejecución de las habilidades clínicas, es objetivo de la Propedéutica clínica. La mayoría de los estudiantes tienen dificultades al ejecutar estas habilidades, insuficiencias que se relacionan con la poca frecuencia que son evaluadas en la práctica y la preparación didáctica de los profesores asistenciales para realizar una evaluación sistemática. Objetivo: Profundizar en el estudio de la evaluación como proceso, a partir del análisis actualizado de los elementos que la componen. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de documentos académicos que orientan la enseñanza en Propedéutica clínica y búsqueda en internet mediante Google académico con las siguientes palabras clave y sus combinaciones: evaluación, evaluación del aprendizaje, habilidades clínicas, formación médica, didáctica y propedéutica clínica. Desarrollo: La evaluación como proceso se manifiesta consustancial a la enseñanza, la acompaña, se pone al servicio de esta y valida la formación profesional que se desea. Para lograr el desarrollo de las habilidades clínicas en los estudiantes, los profesores deben apropiarse de conocimientos y herramientas didácticas que le permitan ejecutar un proceso evaluativo objetivo, coherente, sistemático, participativo y desarrollador, en las condiciones pedagógicas en que se produce la formación del médico. Conclusiones: Alcanzar calidad en la evaluación, demanda de la preparación didáctica de los profesores asistenciales, para que desde una concepción integradora puedan utilizarla en sus funciones formativa educativa y reguladora del proceso de enseñanza(AU)


Introduction: To evaluate the cognitive and procedural development of the student in the execution of the clinical skills, is the objective of the clinical Propaedeutics. The majority of students have difficulty in executing these skills, inadequacies that are related to the infrequency that are evaluated in practice and the didactic preparation of the teaching assistants to perform a systematic evaluation. Objective: To deepen the study of evaluation as a process, based on the updated analysis of the elements that comprise it. Methods: A review was made of academic documents that guide teaching in clinical Propaedeutics and Internet search using Google academic with the following keywords and their combinations: evaluation, evaluation of learning, clinical skills, medical training, didactic and clinical propaedeutics. Development: Evaluation as a process is manifested in the teaching, accompanies it, puts itself at the service of it and validates the professional training that is desired. To achieve the development of clinical skills in students, lecturers must own themselves knowledge and teaching tools that allow them to execute an objective, coherent, systematic, participatory and developing evaluation process, under the pedagogical conditions in which the physician's training takes place. Conclusions: To achieve quality in the evaluation, demand for the didactic preparation of the lecturers in health care, so that from an integrating conception they can use it in their educational and regulatory training functions of the teaching process(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Knowledge , Professional Training , Learning
7.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 18(1): 114-125, ene.-feb. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1004126

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los diseños establecidos en planes y programas de estudios deben ir al unísono de los cambios que la sociedad genera; esto implica su análisis con el propósito de perfeccionarlos de manera permanente. Objetivo: Determinar el alcance y limitaciones que puede tener el plan de estudio de la asignatura Propedéutica Clínica y Semiología Médica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de corte pedagógico entre el 1 de abril y el 31 de junio de 2017, que asume el método dialéctico-materialista con enfoque de sistema como rector del proceso de investigación, para efectuar el análisis crítico a un programa de estudio; la metodología utilizada para ello consta de cinco pasos fundamentales que incluye, entre otros elementos, la pertinencia y la revisión de los componentes del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Resultados y Discusión: Se realizó el análisis crítico del programa, se identifican puntos de mejora y una contradicción didáctica relacionada con el desarrollo del razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina, al reconocerse una discordancia entre el contenido de la asignatura y la forma ideal de impartirlo, por lo que los autores consideran que es un problema metodológico. Conclusiones: El programa de estudio satisface la idea integradora del comandante Fidel en relación con el proceso docente-educativo en la formación de médicos en Cuba, al orientar integralidad, presencia de la educación en el trabajo, aumento del protagonismo del alumno, con la garantía de su calidad humana, científica y técnica, comprometida con el pueblo. El uso de esta metodología puede generalizarse(AU)


Introduction: The designs established in the different syllabuses should be in complete agreement with the demands of society. Therefore, an analysis should be carried out in order to improve them permanently. Objective: To determine the scope and limitations of the syllabus of the subject Semiology and Clinical Propedeutics. Material and Methods: A qualitative study from a pedagogical perspective was conducted from April 1st to June 31st, 2017, which assumes the materialistic dialectic method with an approach on the system as the main action of the research process in order to carry out a critical syllabus analysis. The methodology used for this consists of five main steps which include, among other elements, the appropriateness and the review of the components of the teaching-learning process. Results and discussion: A critical syllabus analysis was carried out, and aspects for the improvement and a didactic unit of contradiction related to the clinical discussion in the medical students were identified at recognizing a disagreement between the subject contents and the ideal way to teach them, thus considering it a methodological problem. Conclusions: The curriculum satisfies the integrative idea of Commander Fidel in relation to the teaching-learning process for the formation of doctors in Cuba at advising a comprehensive formation, implementing the in-service training, and increasing the students´ leading role that guarantees a human, scientific, and technical quality, directed to give a better care to the people. The use of this methodology can be generalized(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Programs and Plans , Education, Premedical/methods , Program , Methodology as a Subject
8.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 37(1): 49-59, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050148

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o diagnóstico precoce e a detecção de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da lesão renal são difíceis devido a múltiplas etiologias e por ser assintomática, levando ao diagnóstico tardio e alta morbimortalidade. Objetivo: analisar e correlacionar os parâmetros de avaliação e diagnóstico para lesão renal e sua aplicabilidade nas esferas pública e privada de saúde de Rio Verde, Goiás. Método: trata-se de um estudo de campo, transversal e de abordagem quantiqualitativa. Foi feita uma busca ativa de médicos especialistas e não especialistas em Nefrologia e Urologia, na rede pública e privada de saúde de Rio Verde e foram aplicados questionários aos mesmos. Resultados: foram abordados 93 médicos, sendo que 76 médicos concordaram em responder os questionários, constituindo a amostra final do estudo. Destes, a maioria homem, com média entre 6 a 10 anos de formado, 80% com pós-graduação e 33,3% com vínculo exclusivo com o serviço público. A propedêutica médica prevalente aplicada nos pacientes com suspeita de lesão renal baseou-se em marcadores tardios de lesão renal, como a creatinina, a ureia sérica e o exame de urina e fracamente em exames que detectam mais precocemente a lesão renal, como a microalbuminúria e o clearence de creatinina. Não houve diferença significativa entre a propedêutica aplicada na rede pública e privada de saúde de Rio Verde. Conclusão: os dados do presente estudo demonstraram que o diagnóstico da lesão renal é tardio e servem para otimizar as condutas médicas locais, podendo motivar diagnósticos cada vez mais precoces dessas lesões, o que propiciaria redução nos custos e melhoria nos indicadores de saúde do município.


Introduction: early diagnosis and detection of risk factors to renal disease are difficult tasks due to the multiple related factor and because most of them are asymptomatic, leading to late diagnoses and high mobility and mortality. Objective: to analyze and correlate the parameters of evaluation and diagnosis for kidney injury and its applicability in the public and private health spheres of Rio Verde, Goiás. Method: it is a cross-field, quantitative-qualitative study. An active search was made of medical specialists and non specialists in nephrology and Urology, in the public and private health network of Rio Verde, and questionnaires were applied to them. Results: 93 physicians were approached, and 76 physicians agreed to answer the questionnaires, constituting the final sample of the study. Of these, the majority of men, with an average of between 6 and 10 years of education, 80% with a postgraduate degree and 33.3% had an exclusive relationship with the public health service. The prevalent medical evaluation applied to patients suspected of kidney injury was based on late markers, such as creatinine, serum urea, and urinalysis, and poorly on tests that detect early kidney injury such as microalbuminuria and or creatinine clearence. There was no significant difference between the propaedeutics applied in the public and private health network of Rio Verde. Conclusion: data from the present study demonstrated that the diagnosis of kidney injury is late and serves to optimize local medical conducts, which may lead to an earlier diagnosis of these lesions, which would lead to a reduction in costs and an improvement in health indicators in the municipality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Early Diagnosis , Education, Premedical , Kidney Diseases
10.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(2): 144-152, 03/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709329

ABSTRACT

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive, with no contraception, after one year of regular intercourse in women < 35 years and after 6 months in women > 35 years. A review on causes, management and treatment of endocrine causes of was performed. Epidemiological data suggest that around 10% to 15% of couples are infertile. Anovulatory problems are responsible from 25% to 50% of causes of . Advanced age, obesity, and drugs, have a negative effect on fertility. Different hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and ovarian disorders may affect fertility as well. Infertility is a growing phenomenon in developed societies. We here provide information about how to identify endocrine patients with ovulatory dysfunction. Women must be advised about limiting factors to be avoided, in order to protect their fertility. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(2):144-52.


A infertilidade é definida como uma falha na concepção, sem anticoncepcionais, após um ano de relações sexuais regulares em mulheres com menos de 35 anos e após seis meses em mulheres com mais de 35 anos. Foi feita uma revisão das causas, manejo e tratamento das causas endócrinas causadoras de infertilidade feminina. Os dados epidemiológicos sugerem que cerca de 10% a 15% dos casais são inférteis. Os problemas de anovulação são responsáveis por 25% a 50% das causas de infertilidade feminina. A idade avançada, a obesidade e as drogas têm um efeito negativo na fertilidade. Diferentes transtornos hipotalâmicos, pituitários, tireoideanos, adrenais e ovarianos também podem afetar a fertilidade. A infertilidade é um fenômeno cada vez mais comum nas sociedades desenvolvidas. Fornecemos aqui informações sobre como identificar pacientes endocrinológicos com disfunções ovulatórias. As mulheres devem ser aconselhadas a evitar fatores limitadores de forma a proteger sua fertilidade. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(2):144-52.

11.
Educ. med. super ; 28(1): 163-174, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-711033

ABSTRACT

En la lucha por la excelencia en todos los servicios de salud el empleo sistemático y generalizado del método clínico, es sin duda, un factor clave. Existen deficiencias encontradas en la didáctica de impartición de los contenidos del programa de estudio del 3er. año de la carrera de Medicina por parte de los docentes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es insistir en las didácticas particulares de impartición, que garantizan la formación y sientan las bases para el posterior desarrollo de los métodos de trabajo de la profesión médica, encaminadas a que el estudiante logre las habilidades que se requieren en la correcta aplicación del método clínico y esto se lo enseña la Semiología y la Clínica Propedéutica. Cada tarea docente posee definido el objetivo a alcanzar por el alumno, la habilidad a adquirir. Debe haber un dominio del programa de la asignatura por los profesores: conocer bien los objetivos, los contenidos y las orientaciones metodológicas y didácticas para su impartición...


In striving for excellence in all health services, the systematic and generalized use of the clinical method is beyond any doubt a key factor. There are deficiencies in teaching the contents of the 3rd year medical curricula. The objective of the present paper was to put emphasis on the particular didactics that guarantee the formation and lay the bases for the further development of the working methods of the medical profession; they are also aimed at making the student attain the required abilities to correctly follow the clinical method and this is specifically taught in Semiology and Clinical Propaedeutics. Each educational task has the defined goal that the student should meet and the ability that he should acquire. The professors must master the curricula of their subject, which includes knowing well the objectives, the contents and the methodological and didactic guidelines to teach it...


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical/methods , Education, Medical/organization & administration
12.
J. bras. med ; 101(4): 25-32, jul.-ago. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699661

ABSTRACT

A infertilidade é um problema que afeta cerca de 10%-20% da população, com incidência variável em todo o mundo. A avaliação do casal infértil é geralmente indicada depois de um ano, tempo em que a maioria dos casais normais teria sido bem sucedida na tentativa de concepção. Algumas investigações são controversas, e, na presença de múltiplos métodos, o custo, a segurança e a conveniência deveriam ajudar a decidir o mais apropriado.


Infertility is a problem affecting approximately 10%-20% of the population with variable incidences across the world. Evaluation of a couple is generally indicated after one year, by which time most normal couples attemptiong conception would have been successful. Some of the investigations are controversial and in the presence of multiple methods of investigating one aspect, the cost, safety, convenience and evidence-base should help in deciding on the appropriate method.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fallopian Tube Diseases/pathology , Infertility/epidemiology , Infertility/etiology , Infertility/physiopathology , Alcoholism/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Hysterosalpingography/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Cervix Mucus/physiology , Obesity/complications , Ovulation/physiology , Semen Analysis , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Uterus/abnormalities
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 11(1)jan.-mar. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668517

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Tomar uma decisão constitui um processo pelo qual se escolhe uma ou algumas ações dentre várias possíveis. A escolha é baseada em um conjunto de informações que levam ao intelecto a processar probabilidades de desfecho optando pela mais aprazível ou de maior chance de sucesso. A propedêutica médica está reforçada no século XXI pelos instrumentos de apoio às decisões informatizadas que visam reduzir a incerteza diagnóstica e terapêutica. Apesar dos esforços, ainda não foi totalmente decifrado a forma como o médico exerce suas decisões. CONTEÚDO: Serão discutidos os aspectos da prática da medicina com abordagem sobre como as decisões são tomadas no ambiente médico. A discussão será baseada no conceito das heurísticas, sistemas epidemiológicos, sistemas informatizados de apoio às decisões, Medicina Baseada em Evidências, Medicina Baseada em Experiência e Medicina Baseada em Preferências. CONCLUSÃO: O processo de tomada de decisão na pratica clínica e o pensamento médico vem sendo pouco discutidos e valorizados. A visualização da tomada de decisão como meramente intuitiva desvaloriza um processo tão nobre e apaixonante. É de extrema importância para a classe médica adquirir uma autoconsciência de sua prática a fim de detectar os erros que a leva ser alvo de processos pelos pacientes e para que haja redução das incertezas.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Making a decision is a process by which one chooses one or a few of several possible actions. The choice is based on a set of information that leads the individual to process outcome probabilities, opting for the more pleasant or that with greater chance of success. In the twenty-first century, medical propedeutics, consisting of medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, is supported by computed decision instruments aimed at reducing uncertainty about the diagnosis and treatment. Despite of our best efforts, we cannot fully decipher how a doctor takes his decisions. CONTENTS: We will discuss aspects of the practice of medicine approaching how decisions are made in the medical environment. The discussion will be based on the concept of heuristics, epidemiological systems, and computed-supported decision making, Evidence-Based Medicine, Experience-Based Medicine and Preference-Based Medicine. CONCLUSION: Decision making process in clinical practice, and medical thinking, have been little discussed and valued. The view of decision making as merely intuitive devalues such a noble and passionate process. It is extremely important for physicians to have self-awareness of their practice in order to detect errors that lead the patients to sue them, and to reduce the degree of uncertainty.


Subject(s)
Humans , Decision Making , Evidence-Based Medicine
14.
Educ. med. super ; 25(3): 326-333, jul.-set. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-617238

ABSTRACT

Se exponen criterios de los autores, obtenidos mediante revisión de la literatura y su experiencia docente sobre los seminarios, en forma de orientaciones metodológicas para la aplicación de métodos problémicos


The authors' criteria gathered by means of literature review and their teaching experience on seminars were presented as methodological guidelines for implementation of problem-based methods


Subject(s)
Universities , Problem-Based Learning
15.
Radiol. bras ; 44(4): 249-255, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-598553

ABSTRACT

Após breve descrição dos tipos de impacto femoroacetabular, este trabalho demonstra o protocolo de radiologia convencional, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética para os casos de impacto, desenvolvido nos últimos oito anos em parceria com serviços de referência em ortopedia. Demonstra-se a propedêutica radiológica básica de cada método, revisando os aspectos mais relevantes na avaliação do quadril.


Following a brief description of the types of femoroacetabular impingement, the present article describes the protocol of conventional radiology, computed tomography e magnetic resonance imaging for cases of impingement, developed over the last eight years in a partnership with reference orthopedic institutions. Basic radiological propedeutics is described for each of the methods, reviewing the most relevant findings in the assessment of the hip.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Femoral Neck Fractures , Femur Neck , Femoral Neck Fractures/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Supine Position , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
Educ. med. super ; 24(2)abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584395

ABSTRACT

Se exponen criterios de los autores, obtenidos tras revisión de la literatura y su experiencia docente, sobre las conferencias, en forma de orientaciones metodológicas. De forma secuencial se exponen como ejemplo, elementos del Síndrome de inflamación articular en Propedéutica Clínica, excluyendo los aspectos propios del estudio de entidades nosológicas


Authors' criteria are expounded obtained after the review of literature and their teaching experience on the lectures in the shape of methodological guiding. In a sequential way as example authors expose the elements of the articular inflammation syndrome in Clinical Propedeutics ruling out the features typical of Nosology entities study


Subject(s)
Health Conferences/methods , Education, Medical/methods , Inflammation , Joints , Syndrome
17.
Diagn. tratamento ; 14(3): 97-98, jul. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-553572

ABSTRACT

de qualquer forma, comecemos pela docência. Entendo ser urgente criar-se carreiras separadas do docente médico clíni¬co, que deve fazer assistência e pesquisa clínica quando possível, e a carreira do pesquisador docente, que terá ênfase na pesquisa e no ensino, enquanto o clínico terá ênfase no ensino e na as¬sistência (outras propostas dos leitores serão bem-vindas). Do jeito que está, há flagrante injustiça aos mestres da clínica e apa¬rente viés em favor de áreas de pesquisas básicas, quando o ideal seria valorizar tanto o ensino clínico quanto, merecidamente, a pesquisa básica.


Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Effectiveness , Education, Premedical
18.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 8(1)ene.-mar. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629813

ABSTRACT

Se exponen los criterios de los autores sobre cómo desde la asignatura Propedéutica Clínica se puede contribuir al aprendizaje de las Enfermedades Cerebro Vasculares y cómo a la vez estas entidades facilitan el aprendizaje de los elementos esenciales de esta asignatura. Se plantea la necesidad del ajuste del contenido del campo neurológico de la Propedéutica en cuanto a síndromes clínicos y algunas precisiones en la didáctica de las habilidades clínicas. Al mismo tiempo, se destaca la importancia del contacto del estudiante con este tipo de enfermos en el campo de la formación de valores.


The authors criteria are suggested about how from de Clinical Propedeutic is posible contribute to the learning of Cerebrovascular disease and at the same time these nosologic entities facilitate the learning of the essential elements of this asignature. Is considerated the necesitiy of adjust the neurological contents of the asignature´s programs and some precisions in the didactic of clinical skills. The authors also highligh the importance of the students contacts with this kind of patients in relation with the formations of ethical and moral values.

19.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 6(2): 53-58, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491524

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Controlando-se a transmissão da doença de Chagas, faz-se necessário investir na prevenção dos agravos de sua cardiopatia crônica. Procurou-se comparar a propedêutica cardiológica acessível na Atenção Primária, com exames mais complexos, na avaliação dos cardiopatas chagásicos. Métodos: Foram analisados os prontuários de 515 pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório do Grupo de Estudos em Doença de Chagas (GEDoCh) - HC / UNICAMP, Campinas,SP, sendo selecionados 52 com registro completo dos exames básicos - avaliação clínica, ECG convencional (ECG) e RX detórax (RX), e ao menos um dos exames complementares: teste de esforço (TE), ecocardiograma (ECO) e eletrocardiografia dinâmica (Holter). Excluíram-se os prontuários com dados incompletos ou de portadores de outras cardiopatias, incluindos edoença arterial coronariana e doença reumática, hipertensão arterial e alcoolismo. Comparamos-se os resultados desses dois tipos de investigação. Resultados: A avaliação clínica, associada ao ECG e RX,mostrou significância quando confrontada com aptidão cardiorrespiratória(ACR) e classe funcional (CF) obtidas no TE(p=0,0062; p=0,0409). Os cardiopatas mais graves apresentaram comprometimento maior da ACR e CF mais baixa, comparando-se aos menos graves. Os demais exames complexos não mostraram associação significativa com a propedêutica cardiológica disponível em nível de Atenção Primária.Conclusão: A propedêutica cardiológica básica permite classificar a cardiopatia chagásica em formas leve ou grave. Entretanto, apenas dois parâmetros obtidos no TE (ACR e CF) mostraram correlação significativa com o exame clínico. De qualquer modo, a propedêutica cardiológica básica é relevantena consideração do nível em que devem ser assistidos os portadores crônicos dessa afecção.(AU)


Objective: The next step after the control of Chagas’ diseasetransmission is the investment in the prevention of the chagasic cardiopathy damage. This study intended to comparethe basic cardiologic investigation with the complex cardiologic investigation in Chagas’ heart disease.Methods: The study evaluated 52 medical records among515 of the chagasic patients from the Ambulatory of the Chagas’Disease Study Group (State University of Campinas, SP). These patients showed complete registration of Clinical Evaluation, ECG, Chest Radiography, and, at least one of the morecomplex exams: Ergometric Test, Echocardiography Evaluation,and Holter. It was excluded those with incomplete data, other cardiac diseases, arterial hypertension, and alcoholism.The results obtained from the two kinds of cardiologic evaluationwere compared. Results: The clinical evaluation plus the ECG and chestradiography showed statistical significance compared withthe cardio - respiratory aptitude (CRA) and the functional class (FC) obtained from the Ergometric Test (p = 0.0062; p= 0.0409). The patients classified in the severe stages of the Chagas’ heart disease presented lesser levels of CRA and FC compared with those in the benign stages. The other complexexams didn’t show significant association with the availableexams usually found in the Primary Health Units. Objective: The next step after the control of Chagas’ diseasetransmission is the investment in the prevention of the chagasic cardiopathy damage. This study intended to comparethe basic cardiologic investigation with the complex cardiologic investigation in Chagas’ heart disease. Methods: The study evaluated 52 medical records among 515 of the chagasic patients from the Ambulatory of the Chagas’Disease Study Group.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/prevention & control , Education, Premedical , X-Rays , Medical Records , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular/instrumentation , Electrocardiography/instrumentation
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4b): 1130-1133, dez. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-477757

ABSTRACT

In order to analyze the clinical features, approach and treatment of patients with acute primary headaches seen at the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HC-UFU) throughout 2005, the medical charts of 109 patients were evaluated through a standardized questionnaire as to age, gender, main diagnosis, characteristics of the headache attacks, diagnostic tests and treatment. Probable migraine was the most common type of primary headache (47.7 percent), followed by probable tension-type headache (37.6 percent), unspecified headache (11.9 percent), and headache not elsewhere classified (2.8 percent). As to characteristics of the crisis, the location of the pain was described in 86.2 percent of the patients. The most commonly used drugs for treatment of acute headache attacks were dipyrone (74.5 percent), tenoxicam (31.8 percent), diazepam (20.9 percent), dimenhydrate (10.9 percent), and metochlopramide (9.9 percent). The data collected are in agreement with those reported in literature. In most cases, treatment was not what is recommended by consensus or clinical studies with appropriate methodology. Therefore, we suggest the introduction of a specific acute headache management protocol which could facilitate the diagnosis, treatment and management of these patients.


Com o objetivo de avaliar as características clínicas, abordagem e tratamento das cefaléias agudas primárias atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU) no ano de 2005, 109 prontuários foram analisados através de questionário padronizado, segundo idade, sexo, diagnóstico principal, características das crises, propedêutica e tratamento. A distribuição dos pacientes quanto ao tipo de cefaléia foi a seguinte: provável enxaqueca 47,7 por cento, provável cefaléia tensional 37,6 por cento, cefaléia não classificada 11,9 por cento e cefaléia não classificada em outro local 2,8 por cento. No que tange às características da crise, a localização da dor foi descrita em 86,2 por cento dos pacientes. No tratamento dos pacientes com crise aguda de cefaléia, as drogas mais utilizadas foram: dipirona (74,5 por cento), seguido de tenoxicam (31,8 por cento), diazepam (20,9 por cento), dramin® (10,9 por cento) e metoclopramida (9,9 por cento). Os dados levantados são condizentes com os relatados na literatura. O tratamento efetuado, na maioria dos casos, não foi o recomendado por consensos ou estudos clínicos com metodologia aceitável. Recomendamos, portanto, a introdução de um protocolo específico para o atendimento das cefaléias agudas, o que facilitará o diagnóstico, tratamento e manejo destes pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Headache Disorders, Primary/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Headache Disorders, Primary/drug therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires
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